Introduction

Hemp cultivation in Switzerland has a unique charm, especially in summer. The fields stretch as far as the eye can see, bathed in sunlight and tended by passionate growers who are aware of both legal requirements and good agricultural practices. In this fictional photo journal, we offer you an immersive walk through a Swiss hemp field specializing in CBD hemp. Throughout this visit, we will examine the growing conditions, compliance with current standards, and the importance of scientific verification to ensure the quality of the final product.

This article, focused on discovery and information, relies exclusively on reliable sources. The main legal benchmarks here are based on the Narcotics Act (LStup, RS 812.121), which sets the maximum THC threshold at 1% for common hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) intended for non-medical or non-psychotropic uses in Switzerland (source: Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation). The quality control steps are based on cannabinoid analysis methods in laboratories, protocols recognized and documented by the work of specialized chemists and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals (for example, protocols validated in analytical chemistry studies accessible via academic databases).

Throughout this summer walk, we will discover the serenity of a Swiss hemp field, as well as the seriousness of the controls and the quality requirements that frame the production of CBD hash on Swiss territory.

The Legal Framework for Hemp in Switzerland

In Switzerland, the cultivation of hemp for non-medical purposes (including CBD production) is allowed as long as the THC content does not exceed 1%. This limit is recorded in the Narcotics Act (LStup, RS 812.121). This text specifies that only low-THC hemp varieties are authorized for cultivation and marketing in the Swiss cantons. Growers must ensure that their seeds—often referenced in a database recognized by the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG)—comply with legal requirements.

The entire production chain remains subject to controls carried out by cantonal authorities and, if necessary, by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). These controls mainly aim to ensure that the THC concentration remains below the legal threshold, without harming the presence of other cannabinoids, notably cannabidiol (CBD). On-site inspections and laboratory sampling can be conducted at different stages: from seed selection, through cultivation, to harvest and distribution.

Some growers also subscribe to a quality label, committing to even stricter criteria, including limiting the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. This commitment, although not mandatory, is encouraged by several organizations promoting organic agriculture in Switzerland (for example, Bio Suisse). Overall, the goal is to offer a certified, transparent final product that meets consumer expectations and is legally impeccable.

An Immersive Visit: Outdoor Cultivation

Just looking at these fields stretching along a sunny Swiss valley, caressed by a light summer breeze, you can feel the benefits of well-tended land and a temperate climate. From country paths, we admire the regularity of the hemp rows, light green leaves pointing towards the azure. The canopy sways gently, while a slightly acrid vegetal scent recalls the presence of terpenes characteristic of CBD hemp.

1. Variety Selection

The first crucial step for any producer is to select varieties of Cannabis sativa L. whose THC content, once the plant reaches maturity, will remain below the 1% threshold. Specialized seed banks now offer comprehensive catalogs of certified strains, regularly used in Europe and compliant with Swiss legislation. These varieties emphasize high CBD production while limiting THC production. According to the guide published by the FOAG (possible internal communication from the cantons), the variety must be listed in the official catalog or clearly identified to allow growers to prove their legal compliance.

The choice of variety also depends on the pedoclimatic characteristics of the land: a limestone soil versus a humus-rich soil or a more or less humid climate will influence how the plant develops and expresses its terpene profile. Some farmers prefer robust hybrids, more resistant to humidity and potential cryptogamic diseases. Others gravitate towards more aromatic varieties, suitable for flower production intended for transformation into hash or CBD-rich oils.

2. Maintenance and Irrigation Methods

The growth cycle of industrial and CBD hemp generally spans several months, from late spring to late summer. Seeds are planted when the frost period fades. The plants then benefit from prolonged sunlight, often between 12 and 16 hours of light per day, promoting vegetative development.

In most organic farms, water supply is carefully measured: not too much, to avoid moisture stagnation (risk of rot), nor too little, so that the roots can draw enough nutrients. Swiss farmers often have drip irrigation systems, allowing precise control of the amount of water distributed. According to trials conducted as part of agronomic research (for example, studies published in the Journal of Industrial Hemp, an internationally peer-reviewed journal), targeted irrigation increases both the quality and quantity of cannabinoids while reducing the plant’s water stress.

To reduce environmental impact, many growers turn to organic fertilizers such as manure or compost, avoiding chemical fertilizers and pesticides as much as possible. This earth-friendly approach improves biodiversity around the fields and ensures better air quality. On-site, between the hemp rows, you sometimes observe flower strips intended to promote pollinating insects and maintain a balanced ecosystem.

3. The Importance of Space and Crop Rotation

To obtain quality hemp, compliant with standards and allowing satisfactory yield, crop rotation is essential. Hemp is a beneficial plant for the soil: it naturally fights certain weeds thanks to its rapid growth and significant height, depriving competitors of light. However, to preserve the soil and avoid nutrient depletion, rotation involves alternating hemp with other crops such as cereals (wheat, barley), legumes (peas, beans), or protein crops.

According to Swiss agronomists consulted in the context of official reports published by the FOAG, such crop rotation over a 3 or 4-year cycle helps maintain soil fertility and limits the use of synthetic fertilizers. In the hemp field visited, we indeed notice that, the previous year, some segments of the field were covered with spring cereals. Result: the density of hemp plants this season is homogeneous, a sign of well-prepared soil.

Quality Control and Legal Compliance

Producing CBD hemp involves careful quality monitoring at every stage. From a legal standpoint, regular THC content control remains mandatory. Some farmers conduct intermediate tests, for example on a few flowering plants, to ensure they are still within the authorized range. A cantonal inspection can be conducted unexpectedly if the authorities want to verify the crop’s compliance.

1. The Role of Laboratory Analysis

When the harvest begins, samples of flowers or leaves are taken. These samples are then sent to a laboratory to be analyzed using scientifically recognized methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This technique allows the separation of different cannabinoids and the determination of their precise concentration. According to articles published in specialized scientific journals, HPLC, associated with a UV detector or a mass detector, provides excellent resolution and guarantees reliable data on CBD, THC, and other compounds present.

The laboratory report, indicating the percentage of THC and CBD, is of crucial importance. Indeed, if the THC level exceeds 1%, the harvest cannot be legally marketed as “CBD hemp” and must be declared. The crop could be destroyed or redirected to a regulated circuit (in the context of approved medical production, according to very strict and distinct procedures). Swiss growers therefore take all necessary precautions to cultivate reliable varieties and conduct timely analyses.

2. Voluntary Certifications

Beyond the legal requirement, many farmers turn to voluntary certifications, such as Bio Suisse certification or even stricter quality labels. To achieve this, additional controls may focus on:

• The absence of pesticide residues.
• The absence of heavy metals (lead, arsenic, etc.).
• The presence of specific terpenes that give hemp an aromatic identity.

The more transparent the production chain, the more reassured the final consumer will be about the origin and quality of the CBD hash from this hemp. In the hemp field we visit, a small sign details the type of label followed. Growers encourage visitors to learn about the cultivation techniques used, giving a positive image of Swiss production on a human scale.

Harvesting Approaches

At the end of summer, during a photographic walk, we can observe the flowering phase beginning to end. The hemp buds, rich in trichomes, show browning pistils and emit a more pronounced fragrance. The terpenes released vary: notes of pine, damp earth, sometimes lemony scents depending on the varieties. As soon as the majority of trichomes likely to contain CBD have matured, growers start the harvest.

1. Cutting and Sorting

The harvest, in this farm, is often done manually. Stems or simply the flowering tops are cut, then sorted to remove dead or undesirable leaves. The selected flowers are stored under specific conditions to preserve cannabinoids and terpenes. The air must be cool and the room ventilated to avoid mold risks. It is also important to protect the buds from direct light, which can degrade certain compounds, including CBD.

2. Drying and Curing

An essential step to obtain good quality CBD hash lies in drying and curing. Once the flowers are cut, they are hung or spread on racks in a controlled humidity room. This room is generally maintained at a temperature between 15 and 20 °C, with a humidity level of 50 to 60%. According to some studies recognized by the scientific community (in journals like Industrial Crops and Products), gradual drying over 7 to 14 days favors minimal degradation of cannabinoids and terpenes.

After drying, the flowers are sometimes placed in airtight containers for an additional curing phase, allowing the aromas to stabilize and gain complexity. Throughout this phase, the organic material continues to evolve. Growers ensure that the internal moisture of the flower is uniform, an important condition for future pressing into hash or sale as dry flowers.

3. CBD Hash Production

CBD hash, obtained from the resin extracted from dried flowers, is also part of this process. When the flower is sufficiently dry, the resin (kief) can be sifted. The resin can then be mechanically pressed or gently heated to obtain a compact, brown paste with a characteristic smell. Extraction can also be done using dry methods or with ice (Ice-O-Lator), always within a legal framework if the THC content remains below the regulatory threshold.

This transformation requires careful handling to preserve the terpene profile and CBD concentration. Some producers in Switzerland specialize in the artisanal production of CBD hash, seeking an authentic taste, often herbal or earthy, that pairs well with the relaxing properties of cannabidiol. Production methods are sometimes presented to visitors, and in some farms, discovery sessions are organized to explain each step.

The Benefits of a Summer Walk in a Hemp Field

Discovering a hemp field in summer is not just a visual or tourist experience. It is also an opportunity to learn more about biodiversity, the role of hemp in soil regeneration, and regional economic prospects. People who visit these farms often appreciate the friendly welcome, the expertise of the growers, and the transparency about production methods.

1. Interactions with Local Wildlife
   Hemp fields attract many pollinating insects, notably bees, which forage on male or female flowers. Even though female flowers (intended for CBD) produce less pollen, they remain a biodiversity support in the environment, creating a favorable ecosystem.

2. Public Awareness
   In Switzerland, hemp producers take pride in informing consumers about legality, the potential benefits of CBD, and the fundamental difference between authorized hemp and illegal cannabis with a THC level above 1%. These meetings, incentivized by the FOPH or local farmer associations, raise awareness about responsible use of hemp-derived products.

3. Economic Impact
   The cultivation of CBD hemp is not just a recent enthusiasm phenomenon. Several reports from cantonal agricultural branches highlight the economic diversity it brings: valorization of sometimes underutilized land, creation of seasonal jobs, and specialization of certain regions in the production of high value-added products (oils, hemp-based cosmetics, etc.). Thanks to the rising demand for CBD and the growing expertise of Swiss farmers, the sector is maturing.

Storage Tips and Usage Recommendations

After the harvest, what are the tips for storing your CBD hash? On one hand, it is important to ensure that the product is not exposed to excessive humidity or high temperatures. For better preservation, the hash should be stored in an airtight jar, away from light. Growers and hemp field managers emphasize the need to keep the product out of reach of children, especially in the form of flowers or resin, to comply with regulations and avoid accidental ingestion.

Regarding usage, Swiss law allows the consumption of hemp with less than 1% THC (source: LStup, RS 812.121), but recommends caution. The potential effects of CBD can vary according to individual sensitivity. It is not a question here of making a therapeutic recommendation: for pathologies, the use of medical cannabis remains highly regulated and requires a validated prescription. In a recreational or wellness context, CBD is the subject of scientific research for its calming effects (studies published in medical journals such as the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics), but buyers are always encouraged to learn about recognized protocols and seek advice from health professionals if in doubt.

Trends and Future Perspectives

Switzerland continues to evolve in its cannabis policy, and some pilot projects are currently emerging to explore the recreational cannabis market with higher THC, strictly regulated by official experiments. At the same time, widely spread CBD hemp is being perfected: new varieties, more environmentally friendly cultivation methods, standardization of analyses. The rise of specialized laboratories in cannabinoid detection enhances transparency for the consumer.

Beyond extraction for hash, Swiss producers can diversify by turning to the production of hemp essential oils rich in terpenes, the making of food products (cookies, infusions), or even textiles. Historically, hemp was used for fiber (paper, ropes, sails), and it is not excluded that renewed interest in this multi-use plant stimulates innovation in eco-construction or bioplastics.

Conclusion

Walking through a Swiss hemp field in the middle of summer is to dive into a world where nature, botany, and legislation meet to offer a product rich in flavors and history. Behind each plant, behind each flower, there is the meticulous work of growers who juggle between preserving biodiversity, strictly adhering to federal laws, and seeking impeccable quality.

This summer walk highlights the reality of hemp cultivation in Switzerland: a favorable climate, agricultural know-how passed down from generation to generation, and above all, a desire to apply legal rules to offer consumers a safe, controlled, and flavorful CBD hash. With laboratory analysis, traceability, and certifications, the Swiss hemp sector stands out for its rigor. Swiss authorities ensure that THC limits are not exceeded, while producers strive to innovate and continually improve their agronomic methods.

Hopefully, this immersion in the heart of a hemp field has allowed you to better understand the extent of the work necessary to produce quality CBD. The combined efforts of farmers, laboratories, Swiss authorities, and scientific research guarantee the reliability of a product that is attracting increasing interest, both for well-being and for the varied possibilities of transformation. And who knows, maybe you will soon have the opportunity to observe these waving fields yourself, witnesses of a resolutely modernized and terroir-respecting agriculture.